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Cover; Half-Title Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Foreword; Introduction; 1. Water Quality in Soils; 1.1. Elementary weathering reactions; 1.2. Weathering as a CO2 sink; 1.3. Neoformations; 1.3.1. Neoformation reactions; 1.3.2. Arenization and pedogenesis; 1.4. The weathering rate of rocks; 1.4.1. Mass balance of granite weathering; 1.4.2. Influence of soil heterogeneity: dilution and dissolution; 1.5. Aluminum dynamics in solution; 1.5.1. Application of the model of partial charges to the polyacid nature of aluminum; 1.5.2. Aluminum hydroxide solubility as a function of pH

1.5.3. Field data1.5.4. Aluminum condensation; 1.6. Formation paths of aluminum hydroxides; 1.6.1. The reaction mechanisms of aluminum; 1.6.2. Kinetic interpretation; 1.6.3. "Amorphous" aluminous gels; 1.6.4. Aluminum toxicity; 1.6.5. Aluminization of interlayers of clay minerals; 1.7. Exchange acidity and lime requirement; 1.8. The gibbsite-kaolinite-quartz system; 1.8.1. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium; 1.8.2. Gibbsite, a ubiquitous mineral; 1.8.3. The significance of the biogeochemical cycle of silicon; 1.9. The dynamics of iron; 1.9.1. Iron: the main indicator of hydromorphy

1.9.2. Soil color1.9.3. Qualitative field tests; 1.9.4. rH measurements; 1.9.5. Study methods of the iron redox state in soil solution; 1.9.6. Study methods of solid constituents in hydromorphic soils; 1.9.7. Fougerite: mineralogical structure, composition and stability; 1.9.8. Application of the model of partial charges to the determination of the Gibbs free energy of fougerite; 1.9.9. Formation paths of iron oxides; 1.9.10. Iron dynamics according to aerobiose/anaerobiose variations; 1.9.11. Fougerite reactivity: influence on other biogeochemical cycles

1.9.12. Fougerite and the origin of life1.10. Clay minerals formation; 1.10.1. The precursors of clay minerals; 1.10.2. The genesis of clay minerals by hydroxide silicification; 1.11. Subtractive weathering and pedogenesis; 1.11.1. A general subtractive evolution in temperate or tropical environment; 1.11.2. The pedological reorganization of matter; 1.11.3. The descent of horizons in landscapes; 1.11.4. Soils in pedogenesis-erosion-transport-sedimentation cycles; 1.12. Bibliography; 2. Irrigation, Water and Soil Quality; 2.1. Irrigation and global changes

2.2. The different salinization paths2.2.1. Alkalinity and the sense of variation of pH; 2.2.2. The acid sulfated path; 2.2.3. The neutral saline path; 2.2.4. The alkaline path; 2.3. From irrigation water to groundwater; 2.3.1. The salt balance; 2.3.2. The coupling of the crop model STICS, and the geochemical model Phreeqc; 2.3.3. Proton balance and the rhizosphere effect; 2.3.4. Simulation of soil-water-plant interactions; 2.4. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium in saline soils; 2.5. The use of deep groundwater; 2.6. Sodification and soil degradation; 2.7. Perspectives for irrigation