Insect biodiversity :
Insect biodiversity : science and society. Volume II /
edited by Robert G. Foottit, Peter H. Adler.
- Second edition.
- 1 online resource
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Discovery / Conceptual Development / Information Management / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Insect Biodiversity in the Arctic / Documenting Biodiversity-Traditional Taxonomy Versus DNA Barcoding / Insect Species Diversity in the Arctic / Composition of the Arctic Insect Fauna / Species Richness Trends Along Latitudinal Gradients / Geographical and Regional Variations in Species Richness / Diversity Oases Within the Arctic / Historical Insect Biodiversity in the Arctic-the Time Perspective / Nunataks and Glacial Refugia as Generators of Biodiversity / Endemism / Biodiversity on the Landscape Scale / Variation in Biodiversity on a Landscape Scale / Local Effects on Biodiversity-Predation and Natural Disturbance / Important Characteristics of Arctic Insect Biodiversity / Specialist Versus Generalist Species / Life-History Adaptation / Genetic Diversity Within Species and Groups / Reproductive Variation and Parthenogenesis / Diversity of Adaptations for Maximizing Heat Absorption / Cold Tolerance-a Diversity of Adaptations / Brachyptery and Wing Polymorphism / Dispersal, Immigration, and Biodiversity / Pollinator Networks and Pollinator Biodiversity / Biodiversity Paradise for Parasites? / Biodiversity and the Changing Arctic Climate / References / Insect Biodiversity in Indochina: A Window into the Riches of the Oriental Region / Physical Geography and Climate / Features of Insect Biodiversity in the Lower Mekong Subregion / Blattodea / Coleoptera / Dermaptera / Diptera / Embiodea / Ephemeroptera / Hemiptera / Hymenoptera / "Isoptera" / Lepidoptera / Mantodea / Mecoptera / Megaloptera / Microcoryphia and Zygentoma / Neuroptera / Notoptera (Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea) / Odonata / Orthoptera / Phasmatodea / Phthiraptera / Plecoptera / Psocoptera / Raphidioptera / Siphonaptera / Strepsiptera / Thysanoptera / Trichoptera / Zoraptera / Insect Biodiversity and Society in Indochina / Entomophagy in the Lower Mekong Subregion / Research Initiatives / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Arthropods on Islands / What is an Island? / History of the Island / Degree of Isolation / Area of the Island / Age of the Island / Ecological Attributes of Islands / Species Diversity on Islands / Island Colonization / Factors Facilitating Establishment / Niche Preemption / Ecological Release / Networks of Ecological Interactions / Evolution on Islands / Anagenesis / Cladogenesis / Adaptive Radiation / Isolation, Hybridization, and Admixture / Parallel Evolution and Convergence / Evolution in Other Insular Environments / Mountaintops-Sky Islands / Caves / Desert Dunes and Salt Lakes / Habitat Fragments / Characteristics of Island Biodiversity / Disharmony / Endemism / Loss of Dispersal Ability and Flightlessness / Innovations / Size / Reproductive Shifts / Conservation / Taxonomic Impediments / Restricted Ranges and Small Population Sizes / Abiotic Factors / Invasive Species / Conclusion / References / Beneficial Insects in Agriculture: Enhancement of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services / Components of Biodiversity: Species Richness, Species Evenness, and Species Identity / Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Seunghwan Lee / Ram Keshari Duwal -- Seunghwan Lee / Ram Keshari Duwal -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Machine generated contents note: 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.3. 2.2.4. 2.3. 2.3.1. 2.3.2. 2.4. 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.5. 2.5.1. 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 2.5.4. 2.5.5. 2.6. 2.6.1. 2.7. 2.8. 2.9. 2.10. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.2.5. 3.2.6. 3.2.7. 3.2.8. 3.2.9. 3.2.10. 3.2.11. 3.2.12. 3.2.13. 3.2.14. 3.2.15. 3.2.16. 3.2.17. 3.2.18. 3.2.19. 3.2.20. 3.2.21. 3.2.22. 3.2.23. 3.2.24. 3.2.25. 3.2.26. 3.2.27. 3.2.28. 3.3. 3.3.1. 3.3.2. 3.4. 4. 4.1. 4.1.1. 4.1.2. 4.1.3. 4.1.4. 4.2. 4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.2.3. 4.2.4. 4.2.5. 4.2.6. 4.3. 4.3.1. 4.3.2. 4.3.3. 4.3.4. 4.3.5. 4.4. 4.4.1. 4.4.2. 4.4.3. 4.4.4. 4.5. 4.5.1. 4.5.2. 4.5.3. 4.5.4. 4.5.5. 4.5.6. 4.6. 4.6.1. 4.6.2. 4.6.3. 4.6.4. 4.7. 5. 5.1. Snyder -- Why Does Insect Biodiversity Matter to Agriculture? / Complementarity / Temporal Complementarity / Spatial Complementarity / Behavioral Complementarity / Identity Effects in Pollinator, Predator, and Detritivore Communities / Disruptive Species Interactions in Diverse Communities / Degradation of Biodiversity Through Agricultural Intensification, and Its Reversal / Restoring Biodiversity to Agroecosystems / Restoring Key Resources / Optimizing Use of Pesticides / Diversifying Farming Landscapes at Larger Scales / Conclusions and Recommendations / Clarify Mechanisms Leading to Biodiversity Effects / Consider Biodiversity Effects That Span Multiple Ecosystem Services HS / Better Link Management Practices to Beneficial Biodiversity Effects / Rank the Relative Importance of Habitat Loss Versus Agrochemical Use / Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder. 5.2. 5.2.1. 5.2.1.1. 5.2.1.2. 5.2.1.3. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.3. 5.4. 5.4.1. 5.4.2. 5.4.3. 5.5. 5.5.1. 5.5.2. 5.5.3. 5.5.4. Elucidate Strategies That Facilitate Transition from Current Agricultural Production Practices to Those That Are Sustainable and Provide Improved Ecosystem Services / Summary / Acknowledgments / References / Insects in Caves / Story of Leptodirus hochenwartii / Variety of Subterranean Spaces / Overview / Caves / Soil and Interstitial Habitats / Shallow Subterranean Habitats / Epikarst / Milieu Souterrain Superficiel / Calcrete Aquifers / Unifying Features of Shallow Subterranean Habitats / Ecological Roles of Insects in Caves / Relative Importance of Subterranean Habitats in the Ecology of Different Insects / Trophic Roles / Morphological and Life-History Adaptations of Insects to Subterranean Life / Probable Modes of Successful Colonization of Subterranean Space / Initial Colonization / Successful Colonization / Allopatric Versus Parapatric Speciation / Subterranean Dispersal / Taxonomic and Geographic Patterns of Subterranean Insect Biodiversity / Geographic Patterns / Taxonomic Review of Troglobiotic Insects / Collembola / Diplura / Coleoptera / Fulgoromorpha / Human Utility and Protection of Cave Insects / References / Biodiversity of the Thysanurans (Microcoryphia and Zygentoma) / Paleontological Data / Parasitism / Unicellular Parasites / Nematoda / Acarids / Strepsiptera / Fungi / Predation / Order Microcoryphia (= Archaeognatha) / Characterization / Bionomics / Taxonomy / Identification Key for Families, Subfamilies, and Paleoforms of Microcoryphia / Order Zygentoma (= Thysanura Sensu Stricto) / Characterization / Bionomics / Taxonomy / Identification Key for Families and Subfamilies of Zygentoma / Genetic Studies of Thysanurans / Thysanurans and Humans / Geographic Distribution of the Thysanurans / References / Biodiversity of Zoraptera and Their Little-Known Biology / Morphology / Life History and Ecology / Reproduction / Phylogenetic Position-"The Zoraptera Problem" / Conclusion / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Embiodea / Diversity in Habitat and Silk / Promise of Silk-Like Biomaterials and Emerging Lessons from Webspinners / Social Behavior / Families of Embiodea / Andesembiidae / Anisembiidae / Archembiidae / Australembiidae / Clothodidae / Embiidae / Embonychidae / Notoligotomidae / Oligotomidae / Paedembiidae / Ptilocerembiidae / Scelembiidae / Teratembiidae / Webspinners of the Fossil Record / Conclusion / References / Biodiversity of Orthoptera / Taxonomic Classification and Phylogeny / Diversity and Distribution / Morphological and Biological Diversity / Societal Importance / Overview of Taxa / Suborder Ensifera / Superfamily Grylloidea / Superfamily Gryllotalpoidea / Superfamily Schizodactyloidea / Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea / Superfamily Hagloidea / Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea / Superfamily Tettigonioidea / Suborder Caelifera / Superfamily Tridactyloidea / Superfamily Tetrigoidea / Superfamily Eumastacoidea / Superfamily Proscopioidea / Superfamily Tanaoceroidea / Superfamily Trigonopterygoidea / Superfamily Pneumoroidea / Superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea / Superfamily Acridoidea / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Phasmatodea / Phasmatodean Phylogeny / Overview of Taxa / Timema / Agathemera / Heteronemiinae / Aschiphasmatinae / Phylliinae-The True Leaf Insects / Heteropteryginae / Diapheromerinae / Pseudophasmatinae / Palophinae / African Clade / Gratidiini / Clitumnini / Medaurini / Pharnaciini / Cladomorphinae / Stephanacridini / Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Note continued: 5.5.5. 5.6. 6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.2.3. 6.2.4. 6.2.4.1. 6.2.4.2. 6.2.4.3. 6.2.4.4. 6.3. 6.3.1. 6.3.2. 6.4. 6.5. 6.5.1. 6.5.2. 6.5.3. 6.5.4. 6.6. 6.6.1. 6.6.2. 6.6.2.1. 6.6.2.2. 6.6.2.3. 6.6.2.4. 6.7. 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.2.1. 7.2.2. 7.2.3. 7.2.4. 7.2.5. 7.3. 7.4. 7.4.1. 7.4.2. 7.4.3. 7.4.4. 7.5. 7.5.1. 7.5.2. 7.5.3. 7.5.4. 7.6. 7.7. 7.8. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 9. 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.4.1. 9.4.2. 9.4.3. 9.4.4. 9.4.5. 9.4.6. 9.4.7. 9.4.8. 9.4.9. 9.4.10. 9.4.11. 9.4.12. 9.4.13. 9.5. 9.6. 10. 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.5.1. 10.5.1.1. 10.5.1.2. 10.5.1.3. 10.5.1.4. 10.5.1.5. 10.5.1.6. 10.5.1.7. 10.5.2. 10.5.2.1. 10.5.2.2. 10.5.2.3. 10.5.2.4. 10.5.3.5. 10.5.3.6. 10.5.3.7. 10.5.3.8. 10.5.3.9. 11. 11.1. 11.2. 11.2.1. 11.2.2. 11.2.3. 11.2.4. 11.2.5. 11.2.6. 11.2.7. 11.2.8. 11.2.9. 11.2.10. 11.2.11. 11.2.12. 11.2.13. 11.2.14. 11.2.15. 11.2.16. Lanceocercata-The "Marsupials" Among the Phasmatodea / Lonchodinae / Necrosciinae / Phasmatodean Fossil Record / Phasmatodea as Research Tools / Importance to Human Society / References / Biodiversity of Dermaptera / Epizoic Dermaptera / Structure and Function / Locomotion / Distribution / Development and Reproduction / Behavior / Mating Behavior and Maternal Care / Defense / Feeding / Parasitism and Symbiosis / Fossils and Research History / Overview of Taxa / Lower Dermaptera / Higher Dermaptera / Societal and Scientific Importance / Plant Pests, Biological Control Agents, and General Nuisances / Medical, Veterinary, and Forensic Importance / Invasive Alien Species / Pollination and Other Ecological Services / Research Tools / Conservation-Vanishing Species / Cultural Legacy / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea / Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Thomas R. Buckley / Sven Bradler -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas. 11.2.17. 11.2.18. 11.2.19. 11.3. 11.4. 11.5. 12. 12.1. 12.2. 12.3. 12.4. 12.5. 12.6. 12.6.1. 12.6.2. 12.6.3. 12.7. 12.8. 12.9. 12.9.1. 12.9.2. 12.10. 12.10.1. 12.10.2. 12.10.3. 12.10.4. 12.10.5. 12.10.6. 12.10.7. 13. Grylloblattodea / Morphology and Biology / Overview of Taxa / Mantophasmatodea / Morphology and Biology / Overview of Taxa / Tanzaniophasmatidae / Mantophasmatidae / Tyrannophasma/Praedatophasma Clade / Austrophasmatidae / Fossil Record / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Blattodea-the Cockroaches and Termites / Overview of Taxa / Superfamily Corydioidea / Family Corydiidae / Family Nocticolidae / Superfamily Blaberoidea / Family Ectobiidae / Family Blaberidae / Superfamily Blattoidea / Family Blattidae / Family Lamproblattidae / Family Tryonicidae / Family Anaplectidae / Family Cryptocercidae / Termites / Societal Importance / Cockroaches and Science / Cockroaches as Pests / Cockroaches as Food, Feed, and Medicine / Pet and Feeder Species / Ecological Importance / Conservation Status / References / Biodiversity of Mantodea / Morphological and Biological Diversity / Phylogeny and Classification / Acanthopidae / Acontistidae / Amorphoscelidae / Angelidae / Chaeteessidae / Coptopterygidae / Empusidae / Epaphroditidae / Eremiaphilidae / Galinthiadidae / Hymenopodidae / Iridopterygidae / Liturgusidae / Mantidae / Mantoididae / Metallyticidae / Photinaidae / Stenophyllidae / Tarachodidae / Thespidae / Toxoderidae / Incertae Sedis / Suprafamilial Groups / Acanthopoidea / Artimantodea / Cernomantodea / Eumantodea / Mantidea / Mantoidea / Mantomorpha / Neomantodea / Morphological Convergence and Ecomorphs / Conclusions / References / Biodiversity of Psocoptera / Classification / Overview of the Psocoptera / Suborder Trogiomorpha / Infraorder Atropetae / Infraorder Psocatropetae / Infraorder Prionoglaridetae / Suborder Troctomorpha / Infraorder Nanopsocetae / Infraorder Amphientometae / Superfamily Amphientomoidea / Superfamily Electrentomoidea / Suborder Psocomorpha / Infraorder Archipsocetae / Infraorder Caeciliusetae / Infraorder Homilopsocidea / Infraorder Philotarsetae / Infraorder Epipsocetae / Infraorder Psocetae / Summary of Diversity of the Psocoptera and Predictions / Importance to Humans of Psocopteran Biodiversity / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Ectoparasites: Lice (Phthiraptera) and Fleas (Siphonaptera) / Phthiraptera-The Parasitic Lice / Siphonaptera-The Fleas / Medical and Veterinary Importance / Lice / Fleas / Community Diversity of Lice and Fleas / Conservation of Lice and Fleas / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Thysanoptera / What Are Thrips? / Family Diversity / Lives of Thrips / Thrips Around the World / Thrips as Research Targets / Structural Diversity of Thrips / Thrips as Pests / Thrips and Human Life / Thrips Information Sources / References / Diversity of the True Hoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) / Overview of the Auchenorrhyncha / Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Klaus-Dieter Klass / Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Note continued: 13.1. 13.1.1. 13.1.2. 13.2. 13.2.1. 13.2.2. 13.2.2.1. 13.2.2.2. 13.2.2.3. 13.2.2.4. 13.3. 13.4. 14. 14.1. 14.1.1. 14.1.1.1. 14.1.1.2. 14.1.2. 14.1.2.1. 14.1.2.2. 14.1.3. 14.1.3.1. 14.1.3.2. 14.1.3.3. 14.1.3.4. 14.1.3.5. 14.1.3.6. 14.2. 14.2.1. 14.2.2. 14.2.3. 14.2.4. 14.2.5. 14.2.6. 15. 15.1. 15.2. 15.2.1. 15.2.2. 15.2.3. 15.2.4. 15.2.5. 15.2.6. 15.2.7. 15.2.8. 15.2.9. 15.2.10. 15.2.11. 15.2.12. 15.2.13. 15.2.14. 15.2.15. 15.2.16. 15.2.17. 15.2.18. 15.2.19. 15.2.20. 15.2.21. 15.2.22. 15.2.23. 15.2.23.1. 15.2.23.2. 15.2.23.3. 15.2.23.4. 15.2.23.5. 15.2.23.6. 15.2.23.7. 15.2.23.8. 15.3. 15.4. 16. 16.1. 16.2. 16.2.1. 16.2.1.1. 16.2.1.2. 16.2.1.3. 16.2.2. 16.2.2.1. 16.2.2.2. 16.2.2.3. 16.2.2.4. 16.2.3. 16.2.3.1. 16.2.3.2. 16.2.3.3. 16.2.3.4. 16.2.3.5. 16.2.3.6. 16.3. 16.4. 17. 17.1. 17.2. 17.3. 17.3.1. 17.3.2. 17.4. 17.5. 18. 18.1. 18.2. 18.3. 18.4. 18.5. 18.6. 18.7. 18.8. 18.9. 19. 19.1. Cicadomorpha / Superfamily Cicadoidea-The Cicadas: Cicadidae and Tettigarctidae / Superfamily Cercopoidea-Spittlebugs or Froghoppers / Superfamily Membracoidea-Leafhoppers and Treehoppers / Fulgoromorpha / Superfamily Fulgoroidea-The Planthoppers / Prospectus / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Sternorrhyncha: Scale Insects, Aphids, Psyllids, and Whiteflies / Sternorrhyncha and Society / Economic Importance / Ecological Importance / Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Lewis L. Deitz / Dmitry A. Dmitriev / Charles R. Bartlett / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy. 19.1.1. 19.1.1.1. 19.1.1.2. 19.1.1.3. 19.1.2. 19.1.2.1. 19.2. 20. 20.1. 20.1.1. 20.1.2. Existential Importance / Taxonomic Diversity of Sternorrhyncha / Phylogeny and Classification / Aphidoidea / Aleyrodoidea / Coccoidea / Psylloidea / Functional Diversity of Sternorrhyncha / Trophic Diversity / Phloem Feeding / Not Phloem Feeding / Trophic-Breadth Variation / Trophic Evolution / Endosymbiosis / Endosymbiont Diversity / Endosymbiont Phylogenetic Diversity / Endosymbiont Functional Diversity / Endosymbiont Evolution / Ecological Speciation / Conflictual Speciation / Life-Cycle Diversity / Aphid Soldiers and Eusocial Societies / Life-Cycle Evolution / Genetic-System Diversity / Holocentric Chromosomes / Sex Determination and Parthenogenesis / Sex Ratio / Supernumerary Chromosomes / Genetic-System Evolution / What Sternorrhyncha Can Tell Us About the Evolution of Sex / What Sternorrhyncha Can Tell Us About the Evolution of Genetic Systems / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of the Neuropterida (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera) / Phylogeny / Geological Age / Metamorphosis and Life Stages / Adults / Eggs and Oviposition / Larvae / Pupae / Biology / Distribution / Overview of Orders and Families / Order Megaloptera / Family Corydalidae / Family Sialidae / Order Neuroptera / Family Ascalaphidae / Family Berothidae / Family Chrysopidae / Family Coniopterygidae / Family Dilaridae / Family Hemerobiidae / Family Ithonidae / Family Mantispidae / Family Myrmeleontidae / Family Nemopteridae / Family Nevrorthidae / Family Nymphidae / Family Osmylidae / Family Psychopsidae / Family Sisyridae / Order Raphidioptera / Family Inocelliidae / Family Raphidiidae / Societal Importance / Scientific Importance / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Strepsiptera / Family Bahiaxenidae / Suborder Mengenillidia / Family Mengenillidae / Suborder Stylopidia / Family Corioxenidae / Infraorder Stylopiformia / Family Myrmecolacidae / Family Lychnocolacidae / Family Stylopidae / Family Xenidae / Family Bohartillidae / Family Elenchidae / Family Halictophagidae / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Mecoptera / Suborder Nannomecoptera / Family Nannochoristidae / Suborder Pistillifera / Infraorder Raptipedia / Family Bittacidae / Infraorder Opisthogonopora / Group Boreomorpha / Group Meropomorpha / Group Panorpomorpha / Societal Value of Mecoptera / Scientific Value of Mecoptera / Conclusion / References / Fossil History of Insect Diversity / Importance of the Insect Fossil Record / Types of Insect Diversity Past and Present / Taxonomic and Taxic Diversity / Ecological Diversity / Biotal Diversity / Plant-Insect Interactional Diversity / Short-Term Studies / Intermediate-Term Studies / Long-Term Studies / Very Long-Term Studies / Morphological Diversity / Size Disparity / Structural Disparity / Developmental Disparity / Key Innovations / Functional Diversity / Functional Feeding Groups / Lacustrine Ecospace Occupation / Parasitoids and Trophic Roles in Food Webs / Behavioral Diversity / Sociality / Mimicry and Warning Coloration / Pollen-Collection Strategies / Biodiversity Changes Through Time / Long-Term Environmental Change / Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- John D. Oswald / Renato J.P. Machado -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- John D. Oswald / Renato J.P. Machado -- John D. Oswald / Renato J.P. Machado -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Note continued: 20.1.3. 20.2. 20.2.1. 20.2.1.1. 20.2.1.2. 20.2.1.3. 20.2.1.4. 20.3. 20.3.1. 20.3.1.1. 20.3.1.2. 20.3.1.3. 20.3.2. 20.3.3. 20.3.4. 20.3.4.1. 20.3.4.2. 20.3.5. 20.3.5.1. 20.3.5.2. 20.3.6. 20.3.6.1. 20.3.6.2. 20.3.7. 20.3.7.1. 20.3.7.2. 20.3.7.3. 20.3.7.4. 20.3.8. 20.3.8.1. 20.3.8.2. 20.4. 21. 21.1. 21.2. 21.3. 21.3.1. 21.3.2. 21.3.3. 21.3.4. 21.4. 21.5. 21.6. 21.6.1. 21.6.1.1. 21.6.1.2. 21.6.2. 21.6.2.1. 21.6.2.2. 21.6.2.3. 21.6.2.4. 21.6.2.5. 21.6.2.6. 21.6.2.7. 21.6.2.8. 21.6.2.9. 21.6.2.10. 21.6.2.11. 21.6.2.12. 21.6.2.13. 21.6.2.14. 21.6.2.15. 21.6.3. 21.6.3.1. 21.6.3.2. 21.7. 21.8. 22. 22.1. 22.2. 22.2.1. 22.3. 22.3.1. 22.4. 22.4.1. 22.4.2. 22.4.3. 22.4.4. 22.4.5. 22.4.6. 22.4.7. 22.5. 23. 23.1. 23.1.1. 23.2. 23.2.1. 23.2.1.1. 23.2.2. 23.2.2.1. 23.2.2.2. 23.2.2.3. 23.3. 23.4. 23.5. 24. 24.1. 24.2. 24.2.1. 24.2.2. 24.2.3. 24.2.4. 24.2.4.1. 24.2.4.2. 24.2.4.3. 24.2.4.4. 24.2.5. 24.2.5.1. 24.2.5.2. 24.2.5.3. 24.2.5.4. 24.2.6. 24.2.6.1. 24.2.6.2. 24.2.6.3. 24.2.7. 24.2.7.1. 24.2.7.2. 24.2.7.3. 24.3. 24.3.1. Mid-Paleozoic Beginnings of Terrestrial Ecosystems / Initial Taxic Radiation of Insects / Late Paleozoic Expansion of Herbivore Functional Feeding Groups / Ecological and Behavioral Changes from the Mesozoic Lacustrine Revolution / Parasitoid Revolution / Biodiversity Ramifications of the Early Expansion of Angiosperms / Expansion of the Grassland Biome / Short-Term Environmental Change / Permian-Triassic Global Crisis and Reductions in Biodiversity / Cretaceous-Paleogene Global Crisis and Reductions in Biodiversity / Biodiversity Realignments During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum / End-Pleistocene Extinctions and Their Meaning for the Modern World / Current Societal Aspects of Fossil Insect Biodiversity / Human Interests and Biases / Tools for Understanding Evolutionary and Ecological Diversification / Detection of Insect-Borne Diseases in the Fossil Record / Insect Herbivory and Global Warming / Current Biodiversity Crisis / Conclusions / Importance of the Insect Fossil Record for Understanding Insect Diversity / Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira. 24.3.1.1. 24.3.1.2. 24.3.1.3. 24.3.1.4. 24.3.1.5. 24.3.1.6. 24.3.1.7. 24.3.2. 24.3.2.1. 24.3.2.2. 24.3.2.3. 24.3.2.4. 24.4. 24.4.1. 24.4.2. 24.4.3. 24.4.4. 24.4.5. 24.5. 24.5.1. Five Fundamental Types of Diversity in the Insect Fossil Record / Effect of Long-Term Environmental Change on Insect Diversity / Effect of Short-Term Environmental Changes on Insect Diversity / How Fossil Insect Biodiversity Affects Us All / Acknowledgments / References / Phenotypes in Insect Biodiversity Research / Phenotype Data: Past and Present / Phenotype Data: Present and Future / Biological Ontologies / Ontologies in Biodiversity Research / Referencing a Glossary / Generating Logically Consistent Phenotypes / Reasoning Across Phenotype Data / Challenges and Future Directions / Social Challenges to "Standardization" / Ontology Development Barriers / Ontology Implementation Barriers / Phenotype Complexity / Communicating Primarily with Semantic Phenotypes / No Clearinghouse for Phenotype Data / Reasoning Challenges / Acknowledgments / References / Global Change and Insect Biodiversity in Agroecosystems / Global Change / Insect Biodiversity in Agriculture / What Do We Mean By "Biodiversity"? / Effects of Global Change on Biodiversity-What Do We Know? / Crop Pests and Natural Enemies / Distribution / Community Composition / Other Responses to Climate Change / Soil Function and Topsoil Maintenance / Implications of Global Change for Crop Pollination / Evidence for Importance of Biodiversity for Pollination Service to Crops / Expected Effects of Global Change on Pollinator Diversity-Consequences for Society / Island Versus Continent Contrasts / Impacts on Biodiversity of Insects in Island Agroecosystems / Tropical Versus Temperate Issues / Climate Tolerances in Tropical and Temperate Species / Some Concluding Viewpoints / References / Digital Photography and the Democratization of Biodiversity Information / Digital Insect Collection / Digital Images in Interactive Keys / Digital Photography and Taxonomic Revisions / Organization of Digital Insect Collections / Conclusions / References / Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) Diversity Through Time / Morphological Diversity / Behavioral Diversity: Social, Nesting, and Floral Hosts / Geographical Diversity / Evolutionary History and Diversification / Conclusions / References / Insect Biodiversity in Culture and Art / Prehistory / Insects in the Ancient World / Cult of Artemis: A Case Study / Roman Insect Art / Ancient China / Religions of India / Post-Classical Era / Americas / Modern History / Japanese Art / Language and Literature / Insects in Music / Insects in Cinema / Akihabara Culture: Toys, Video Games, and Anime from Modern Japan / Present and Future Trends in Cultural Entomology / Internet Age / References / Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Andrew R. Deans / Istvan Miko -- Andrew R. Deans / Istvan Miko -- Andrew R. Deans / Istvan Miko -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Philippa J. Gerard / David R. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Philippa J. Gerard / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Owen O. Olfert -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- Thibaud Decaens / Philippa J. Gerard / Sandra D. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Owen O. Olfert / David R. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Gene Kritsky / Jessee J. Smith -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky. Note continued: 24.5.2. 24.5.3. 24.5.4. 24.5.5. 25. 25.1. 25.2. 25.2.1. 25.2.2. 25.2.2.1. 25.2.2.2. 25.2.2.3. 25.3. 25.3.1. 25.3.2. 25.3.3. 25.3.4. 25.3.5. 25.3.6. 25.3.7. 26. 26.1. 26.2. 26.2.1. 26.3. 26.3.1. 26.3.1.1. 26.3.1.2. 26.3.1.3. 26.3.2. 26.3.3. 26.3.3.1. 26.3.3.2. 26.4. 26.4.1. 26.5. 26.5.1. 26.6. 27. 27.1. 27.2. 27.3. 27.4. 27.5. 28. 28.1. 28.2. 28.3. 28.4. 28.5. 29. 29.1. 29.2. 29.3. 29.4. 29.5. 29.6. 29.7. 29.8. 29.9. 29.10. 29.11. 29.12. 29.13. 29.14. 29.15. 29.16.
This second volume of Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society offers further research and expert commentary on insects & apos complex relationships with human society and our endangered environment. Featuring entirely new contributions from leading researchers and scholars in the field, the text explores and analyses key topics from geographical, socio-cultural, and taxonomic perspectives. Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society, Volume II approaches insect biodiversity regionally, and examines a wide range of areas including the Arctic and Asia, as well as habitats such as crops, caves, and islands. The authors discuss all insect orders not covered in Volume One, and provide scientific and societal analyses that illustrate the positive and negative aspects of each group. Finally, Volume Two also offers considerations of insects & apos shifting roles in human culture, with insights into past insect biodiversity and thoughts on the future from a cyber-taxonomic viewpoint. This comprehensive resource. Offers the most up-to-date information on the important subject of insect biodiversity. Explores vital topics such as the impact on insect biodiversity of habitat loss and degradation and climate change. With Volume One, presents current information on the biodiversity of all insect orders. Contains reviews of insect biodiversity in culture and art, in the fossil record, and in agricultural systems. Robert G. Foottit is a research scientist specializing in the taxonomy of aphids and related groups, with the Canadian National Collection of insects and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. His research interests include the use of morphological and molecular approaches in the study of aphid species and populations. Peter H. Adler is a professor of entomology at Clemson University, where he holds a teaching and research appointment, specializing in the behavior, ecology, genetics, and systematics of insects, particularlv butterflies and medically important flies. --Book Jacket.
9781118945605 1118945603 9781118945582 1118945581
Insects--Variation.
Insects--Evolution.
Insects--Ecology.
Biodiversity conservation.
SCIENCE--Life Sciences--Zoology--General.
Biodiversity conservation.
Insects--Ecology.
Insects--Evolution.
Insects--Variation.
Electronic books.
QL463 / .I65 2018
595.7
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Discovery / Conceptual Development / Information Management / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Insect Biodiversity in the Arctic / Documenting Biodiversity-Traditional Taxonomy Versus DNA Barcoding / Insect Species Diversity in the Arctic / Composition of the Arctic Insect Fauna / Species Richness Trends Along Latitudinal Gradients / Geographical and Regional Variations in Species Richness / Diversity Oases Within the Arctic / Historical Insect Biodiversity in the Arctic-the Time Perspective / Nunataks and Glacial Refugia as Generators of Biodiversity / Endemism / Biodiversity on the Landscape Scale / Variation in Biodiversity on a Landscape Scale / Local Effects on Biodiversity-Predation and Natural Disturbance / Important Characteristics of Arctic Insect Biodiversity / Specialist Versus Generalist Species / Life-History Adaptation / Genetic Diversity Within Species and Groups / Reproductive Variation and Parthenogenesis / Diversity of Adaptations for Maximizing Heat Absorption / Cold Tolerance-a Diversity of Adaptations / Brachyptery and Wing Polymorphism / Dispersal, Immigration, and Biodiversity / Pollinator Networks and Pollinator Biodiversity / Biodiversity Paradise for Parasites? / Biodiversity and the Changing Arctic Climate / References / Insect Biodiversity in Indochina: A Window into the Riches of the Oriental Region / Physical Geography and Climate / Features of Insect Biodiversity in the Lower Mekong Subregion / Blattodea / Coleoptera / Dermaptera / Diptera / Embiodea / Ephemeroptera / Hemiptera / Hymenoptera / "Isoptera" / Lepidoptera / Mantodea / Mecoptera / Megaloptera / Microcoryphia and Zygentoma / Neuroptera / Notoptera (Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea) / Odonata / Orthoptera / Phasmatodea / Phthiraptera / Plecoptera / Psocoptera / Raphidioptera / Siphonaptera / Strepsiptera / Thysanoptera / Trichoptera / Zoraptera / Insect Biodiversity and Society in Indochina / Entomophagy in the Lower Mekong Subregion / Research Initiatives / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Arthropods on Islands / What is an Island? / History of the Island / Degree of Isolation / Area of the Island / Age of the Island / Ecological Attributes of Islands / Species Diversity on Islands / Island Colonization / Factors Facilitating Establishment / Niche Preemption / Ecological Release / Networks of Ecological Interactions / Evolution on Islands / Anagenesis / Cladogenesis / Adaptive Radiation / Isolation, Hybridization, and Admixture / Parallel Evolution and Convergence / Evolution in Other Insular Environments / Mountaintops-Sky Islands / Caves / Desert Dunes and Salt Lakes / Habitat Fragments / Characteristics of Island Biodiversity / Disharmony / Endemism / Loss of Dispersal Ability and Flightlessness / Innovations / Size / Reproductive Shifts / Conservation / Taxonomic Impediments / Restricted Ranges and Small Population Sizes / Abiotic Factors / Invasive Species / Conclusion / References / Beneficial Insects in Agriculture: Enhancement of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services / Components of Biodiversity: Species Richness, Species Evenness, and Species Identity / Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Robert G. Foottit / Peter H. Adler -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ian D. Hodkinson -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Seunghwan Lee / Ram Keshari Duwal -- Seunghwan Lee / Ram Keshari Duwal -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Ram Keshari Duwal / Seunghwan Lee -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Kipling Will / Rosemary G. Gillespie -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Rosemary G. Gillespie / Kipling Will -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Machine generated contents note: 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.3. 2.2.4. 2.3. 2.3.1. 2.3.2. 2.4. 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.5. 2.5.1. 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 2.5.4. 2.5.5. 2.6. 2.6.1. 2.7. 2.8. 2.9. 2.10. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.2.5. 3.2.6. 3.2.7. 3.2.8. 3.2.9. 3.2.10. 3.2.11. 3.2.12. 3.2.13. 3.2.14. 3.2.15. 3.2.16. 3.2.17. 3.2.18. 3.2.19. 3.2.20. 3.2.21. 3.2.22. 3.2.23. 3.2.24. 3.2.25. 3.2.26. 3.2.27. 3.2.28. 3.3. 3.3.1. 3.3.2. 3.4. 4. 4.1. 4.1.1. 4.1.2. 4.1.3. 4.1.4. 4.2. 4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.2.3. 4.2.4. 4.2.5. 4.2.6. 4.3. 4.3.1. 4.3.2. 4.3.3. 4.3.4. 4.3.5. 4.4. 4.4.1. 4.4.2. 4.4.3. 4.4.4. 4.5. 4.5.1. 4.5.2. 4.5.3. 4.5.4. 4.5.5. 4.5.6. 4.6. 4.6.1. 4.6.2. 4.6.3. 4.6.4. 4.7. 5. 5.1. Snyder -- Why Does Insect Biodiversity Matter to Agriculture? / Complementarity / Temporal Complementarity / Spatial Complementarity / Behavioral Complementarity / Identity Effects in Pollinator, Predator, and Detritivore Communities / Disruptive Species Interactions in Diverse Communities / Degradation of Biodiversity Through Agricultural Intensification, and Its Reversal / Restoring Biodiversity to Agroecosystems / Restoring Key Resources / Optimizing Use of Pesticides / Diversifying Farming Landscapes at Larger Scales / Conclusions and Recommendations / Clarify Mechanisms Leading to Biodiversity Effects / Consider Biodiversity Effects That Span Multiple Ecosystem Services HS / Better Link Management Practices to Beneficial Biodiversity Effects / Rank the Relative Importance of Habitat Loss Versus Agrochemical Use / Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder. 5.2. 5.2.1. 5.2.1.1. 5.2.1.2. 5.2.1.3. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.3. 5.4. 5.4.1. 5.4.2. 5.4.3. 5.5. 5.5.1. 5.5.2. 5.5.3. 5.5.4. Elucidate Strategies That Facilitate Transition from Current Agricultural Production Practices to Those That Are Sustainable and Provide Improved Ecosystem Services / Summary / Acknowledgments / References / Insects in Caves / Story of Leptodirus hochenwartii / Variety of Subterranean Spaces / Overview / Caves / Soil and Interstitial Habitats / Shallow Subterranean Habitats / Epikarst / Milieu Souterrain Superficiel / Calcrete Aquifers / Unifying Features of Shallow Subterranean Habitats / Ecological Roles of Insects in Caves / Relative Importance of Subterranean Habitats in the Ecology of Different Insects / Trophic Roles / Morphological and Life-History Adaptations of Insects to Subterranean Life / Probable Modes of Successful Colonization of Subterranean Space / Initial Colonization / Successful Colonization / Allopatric Versus Parapatric Speciation / Subterranean Dispersal / Taxonomic and Geographic Patterns of Subterranean Insect Biodiversity / Geographic Patterns / Taxonomic Review of Troglobiotic Insects / Collembola / Diplura / Coleoptera / Fulgoromorpha / Human Utility and Protection of Cave Insects / References / Biodiversity of the Thysanurans (Microcoryphia and Zygentoma) / Paleontological Data / Parasitism / Unicellular Parasites / Nematoda / Acarids / Strepsiptera / Fungi / Predation / Order Microcoryphia (= Archaeognatha) / Characterization / Bionomics / Taxonomy / Identification Key for Families, Subfamilies, and Paleoforms of Microcoryphia / Order Zygentoma (= Thysanura Sensu Stricto) / Characterization / Bionomics / Taxonomy / Identification Key for Families and Subfamilies of Zygentoma / Genetic Studies of Thysanurans / Thysanurans and Humans / Geographic Distribution of the Thysanurans / References / Biodiversity of Zoraptera and Their Little-Known Biology / Morphology / Life History and Ecology / Reproduction / Phylogenetic Position-"The Zoraptera Problem" / Conclusion / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Embiodea / Diversity in Habitat and Silk / Promise of Silk-Like Biomaterials and Emerging Lessons from Webspinners / Social Behavior / Families of Embiodea / Andesembiidae / Anisembiidae / Archembiidae / Australembiidae / Clothodidae / Embiidae / Embonychidae / Notoligotomidae / Oligotomidae / Paedembiidae / Ptilocerembiidae / Scelembiidae / Teratembiidae / Webspinners of the Fossil Record / Conclusion / References / Biodiversity of Orthoptera / Taxonomic Classification and Phylogeny / Diversity and Distribution / Morphological and Biological Diversity / Societal Importance / Overview of Taxa / Suborder Ensifera / Superfamily Grylloidea / Superfamily Gryllotalpoidea / Superfamily Schizodactyloidea / Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea / Superfamily Hagloidea / Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea / Superfamily Tettigonioidea / Suborder Caelifera / Superfamily Tridactyloidea / Superfamily Tetrigoidea / Superfamily Eumastacoidea / Superfamily Proscopioidea / Superfamily Tanaoceroidea / Superfamily Trigonopterygoidea / Superfamily Pneumoroidea / Superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea / Superfamily Acridoidea / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Phasmatodea / Phasmatodean Phylogeny / Overview of Taxa / Timema / Agathemera / Heteronemiinae / Aschiphasmatinae / Phylliinae-The True Leaf Insects / Heteropteryginae / Diapheromerinae / Pseudophasmatinae / Palophinae / African Clade / Gratidiini / Clitumnini / Medaurini / Pharnaciini / Cladomorphinae / Stephanacridini / Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- Matthew S. Jones / William E. Snyder -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- David C. Culver / Tanja Pipan -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Luis F. Mendes -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Jae C. Choe -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Janice S. Edgerly -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Hojun Song -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Note continued: 5.5.5. 5.6. 6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.2.3. 6.2.4. 6.2.4.1. 6.2.4.2. 6.2.4.3. 6.2.4.4. 6.3. 6.3.1. 6.3.2. 6.4. 6.5. 6.5.1. 6.5.2. 6.5.3. 6.5.4. 6.6. 6.6.1. 6.6.2. 6.6.2.1. 6.6.2.2. 6.6.2.3. 6.6.2.4. 6.7. 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.2.1. 7.2.2. 7.2.3. 7.2.4. 7.2.5. 7.3. 7.4. 7.4.1. 7.4.2. 7.4.3. 7.4.4. 7.5. 7.5.1. 7.5.2. 7.5.3. 7.5.4. 7.6. 7.7. 7.8. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 9. 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.4.1. 9.4.2. 9.4.3. 9.4.4. 9.4.5. 9.4.6. 9.4.7. 9.4.8. 9.4.9. 9.4.10. 9.4.11. 9.4.12. 9.4.13. 9.5. 9.6. 10. 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.5.1. 10.5.1.1. 10.5.1.2. 10.5.1.3. 10.5.1.4. 10.5.1.5. 10.5.1.6. 10.5.1.7. 10.5.2. 10.5.2.1. 10.5.2.2. 10.5.2.3. 10.5.2.4. 10.5.3.5. 10.5.3.6. 10.5.3.7. 10.5.3.8. 10.5.3.9. 11. 11.1. 11.2. 11.2.1. 11.2.2. 11.2.3. 11.2.4. 11.2.5. 11.2.6. 11.2.7. 11.2.8. 11.2.9. 11.2.10. 11.2.11. 11.2.12. 11.2.13. 11.2.14. 11.2.15. 11.2.16. Lanceocercata-The "Marsupials" Among the Phasmatodea / Lonchodinae / Necrosciinae / Phasmatodean Fossil Record / Phasmatodea as Research Tools / Importance to Human Society / References / Biodiversity of Dermaptera / Epizoic Dermaptera / Structure and Function / Locomotion / Distribution / Development and Reproduction / Behavior / Mating Behavior and Maternal Care / Defense / Feeding / Parasitism and Symbiosis / Fossils and Research History / Overview of Taxa / Lower Dermaptera / Higher Dermaptera / Societal and Scientific Importance / Plant Pests, Biological Control Agents, and General Nuisances / Medical, Veterinary, and Forensic Importance / Invasive Alien Species / Pollination and Other Ecological Services / Research Tools / Conservation-Vanishing Species / Cultural Legacy / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea / Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Sven Bradler / Thomas R. Buckley -- Thomas R. Buckley / Sven Bradler -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas -- Fabian Haas. 11.2.17. 11.2.18. 11.2.19. 11.3. 11.4. 11.5. 12. 12.1. 12.2. 12.3. 12.4. 12.5. 12.6. 12.6.1. 12.6.2. 12.6.3. 12.7. 12.8. 12.9. 12.9.1. 12.9.2. 12.10. 12.10.1. 12.10.2. 12.10.3. 12.10.4. 12.10.5. 12.10.6. 12.10.7. 13. Grylloblattodea / Morphology and Biology / Overview of Taxa / Mantophasmatodea / Morphology and Biology / Overview of Taxa / Tanzaniophasmatidae / Mantophasmatidae / Tyrannophasma/Praedatophasma Clade / Austrophasmatidae / Fossil Record / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Blattodea-the Cockroaches and Termites / Overview of Taxa / Superfamily Corydioidea / Family Corydiidae / Family Nocticolidae / Superfamily Blaberoidea / Family Ectobiidae / Family Blaberidae / Superfamily Blattoidea / Family Blattidae / Family Lamproblattidae / Family Tryonicidae / Family Anaplectidae / Family Cryptocercidae / Termites / Societal Importance / Cockroaches and Science / Cockroaches as Pests / Cockroaches as Food, Feed, and Medicine / Pet and Feeder Species / Ecological Importance / Conservation Status / References / Biodiversity of Mantodea / Morphological and Biological Diversity / Phylogeny and Classification / Acanthopidae / Acontistidae / Amorphoscelidae / Angelidae / Chaeteessidae / Coptopterygidae / Empusidae / Epaphroditidae / Eremiaphilidae / Galinthiadidae / Hymenopodidae / Iridopterygidae / Liturgusidae / Mantidae / Mantoididae / Metallyticidae / Photinaidae / Stenophyllidae / Tarachodidae / Thespidae / Toxoderidae / Incertae Sedis / Suprafamilial Groups / Acanthopoidea / Artimantodea / Cernomantodea / Eumantodea / Mantidea / Mantoidea / Mantomorpha / Neomantodea / Morphological Convergence and Ecomorphs / Conclusions / References / Biodiversity of Psocoptera / Classification / Overview of the Psocoptera / Suborder Trogiomorpha / Infraorder Atropetae / Infraorder Psocatropetae / Infraorder Prionoglaridetae / Suborder Troctomorpha / Infraorder Nanopsocetae / Infraorder Amphientometae / Superfamily Amphientomoidea / Superfamily Electrentomoidea / Suborder Psocomorpha / Infraorder Archipsocetae / Infraorder Caeciliusetae / Infraorder Homilopsocidea / Infraorder Philotarsetae / Infraorder Epipsocetae / Infraorder Psocetae / Summary of Diversity of the Psocoptera and Predictions / Importance to Humans of Psocopteran Biodiversity / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Ectoparasites: Lice (Phthiraptera) and Fleas (Siphonaptera) / Phthiraptera-The Parasitic Lice / Siphonaptera-The Fleas / Medical and Veterinary Importance / Lice / Fleas / Community Diversity of Lice and Fleas / Conservation of Lice and Fleas / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Thysanoptera / What Are Thrips? / Family Diversity / Lives of Thrips / Thrips Around the World / Thrips as Research Targets / Structural Diversity of Thrips / Thrips as Pests / Thrips and Human Life / Thrips Information Sources / References / Diversity of the True Hoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) / Overview of the Auchenorrhyncha / Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Klaus-Dieter Klass / Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Monika J.B. Eberhard / Sean D. Schoville / Klaus-Dieter Klass -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Marie Djernæs -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Frank Wieland / Gavin J. Svenson -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Edward L. Mockford -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Terry D. Galloway -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Laurence A. Mound -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Note continued: 13.1. 13.1.1. 13.1.2. 13.2. 13.2.1. 13.2.2. 13.2.2.1. 13.2.2.2. 13.2.2.3. 13.2.2.4. 13.3. 13.4. 14. 14.1. 14.1.1. 14.1.1.1. 14.1.1.2. 14.1.2. 14.1.2.1. 14.1.2.2. 14.1.3. 14.1.3.1. 14.1.3.2. 14.1.3.3. 14.1.3.4. 14.1.3.5. 14.1.3.6. 14.2. 14.2.1. 14.2.2. 14.2.3. 14.2.4. 14.2.5. 14.2.6. 15. 15.1. 15.2. 15.2.1. 15.2.2. 15.2.3. 15.2.4. 15.2.5. 15.2.6. 15.2.7. 15.2.8. 15.2.9. 15.2.10. 15.2.11. 15.2.12. 15.2.13. 15.2.14. 15.2.15. 15.2.16. 15.2.17. 15.2.18. 15.2.19. 15.2.20. 15.2.21. 15.2.22. 15.2.23. 15.2.23.1. 15.2.23.2. 15.2.23.3. 15.2.23.4. 15.2.23.5. 15.2.23.6. 15.2.23.7. 15.2.23.8. 15.3. 15.4. 16. 16.1. 16.2. 16.2.1. 16.2.1.1. 16.2.1.2. 16.2.1.3. 16.2.2. 16.2.2.1. 16.2.2.2. 16.2.2.3. 16.2.2.4. 16.2.3. 16.2.3.1. 16.2.3.2. 16.2.3.3. 16.2.3.4. 16.2.3.5. 16.2.3.6. 16.3. 16.4. 17. 17.1. 17.2. 17.3. 17.3.1. 17.3.2. 17.4. 17.5. 18. 18.1. 18.2. 18.3. 18.4. 18.5. 18.6. 18.7. 18.8. 18.9. 19. 19.1. Cicadomorpha / Superfamily Cicadoidea-The Cicadas: Cicadidae and Tettigarctidae / Superfamily Cercopoidea-Spittlebugs or Froghoppers / Superfamily Membracoidea-Leafhoppers and Treehoppers / Fulgoromorpha / Superfamily Fulgoroidea-The Planthoppers / Prospectus / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Sternorrhyncha: Scale Insects, Aphids, Psyllids, and Whiteflies / Sternorrhyncha and Society / Economic Importance / Ecological Importance / Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Lewis L. Deitz / Dmitry A. Dmitriev / Charles R. Bartlett / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Charles R. Bartlett / Lewis L. Deitz / Matthew S. Wallace / Allen F. Sanborn / Adeline Soulier-Perkins / Dmitry A. Dmitriev -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy. 19.1.1. 19.1.1.1. 19.1.1.2. 19.1.1.3. 19.1.2. 19.1.2.1. 19.2. 20. 20.1. 20.1.1. 20.1.2. Existential Importance / Taxonomic Diversity of Sternorrhyncha / Phylogeny and Classification / Aphidoidea / Aleyrodoidea / Coccoidea / Psylloidea / Functional Diversity of Sternorrhyncha / Trophic Diversity / Phloem Feeding / Not Phloem Feeding / Trophic-Breadth Variation / Trophic Evolution / Endosymbiosis / Endosymbiont Diversity / Endosymbiont Phylogenetic Diversity / Endosymbiont Functional Diversity / Endosymbiont Evolution / Ecological Speciation / Conflictual Speciation / Life-Cycle Diversity / Aphid Soldiers and Eusocial Societies / Life-Cycle Evolution / Genetic-System Diversity / Holocentric Chromosomes / Sex Determination and Parthenogenesis / Sex Ratio / Supernumerary Chromosomes / Genetic-System Evolution / What Sternorrhyncha Can Tell Us About the Evolution of Sex / What Sternorrhyncha Can Tell Us About the Evolution of Genetic Systems / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of the Neuropterida (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera) / Phylogeny / Geological Age / Metamorphosis and Life Stages / Adults / Eggs and Oviposition / Larvae / Pupae / Biology / Distribution / Overview of Orders and Families / Order Megaloptera / Family Corydalidae / Family Sialidae / Order Neuroptera / Family Ascalaphidae / Family Berothidae / Family Chrysopidae / Family Coniopterygidae / Family Dilaridae / Family Hemerobiidae / Family Ithonidae / Family Mantispidae / Family Myrmeleontidae / Family Nemopteridae / Family Nevrorthidae / Family Nymphidae / Family Osmylidae / Family Psychopsidae / Family Sisyridae / Order Raphidioptera / Family Inocelliidae / Family Raphidiidae / Societal Importance / Scientific Importance / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Strepsiptera / Family Bahiaxenidae / Suborder Mengenillidia / Family Mengenillidae / Suborder Stylopidia / Family Corioxenidae / Infraorder Stylopiformia / Family Myrmecolacidae / Family Lychnocolacidae / Family Stylopidae / Family Xenidae / Family Bohartillidae / Family Elenchidae / Family Halictophagidae / Conclusions / Acknowledgments / References / Biodiversity of Mecoptera / Suborder Nannomecoptera / Family Nannochoristidae / Suborder Pistillifera / Infraorder Raptipedia / Family Bittacidae / Infraorder Opisthogonopora / Group Boreomorpha / Group Meropomorpha / Group Panorpomorpha / Societal Value of Mecoptera / Scientific Value of Mecoptera / Conclusion / References / Fossil History of Insect Diversity / Importance of the Insect Fossil Record / Types of Insect Diversity Past and Present / Taxonomic and Taxic Diversity / Ecological Diversity / Biotal Diversity / Plant-Insect Interactional Diversity / Short-Term Studies / Intermediate-Term Studies / Long-Term Studies / Very Long-Term Studies / Morphological Diversity / Size Disparity / Structural Disparity / Developmental Disparity / Key Innovations / Functional Diversity / Functional Feeding Groups / Lacustrine Ecospace Occupation / Parasitoids and Trophic Roles in Food Webs / Behavioral Diversity / Sociality / Mimicry and Warning Coloration / Pollen-Collection Strategies / Biodiversity Changes Through Time / Long-Term Environmental Change / Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Nate B. Hardy -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- John D. Oswald / Renato J.P. Machado -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- Renato J.P. Machado / John D. Oswald -- John D. Oswald / Renato J.P. Machado -- John D. Oswald / Renato J.P. Machado -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Jeyaraney Kathirithamby -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Wesley J. Bicha -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Note continued: 20.1.3. 20.2. 20.2.1. 20.2.1.1. 20.2.1.2. 20.2.1.3. 20.2.1.4. 20.3. 20.3.1. 20.3.1.1. 20.3.1.2. 20.3.1.3. 20.3.2. 20.3.3. 20.3.4. 20.3.4.1. 20.3.4.2. 20.3.5. 20.3.5.1. 20.3.5.2. 20.3.6. 20.3.6.1. 20.3.6.2. 20.3.7. 20.3.7.1. 20.3.7.2. 20.3.7.3. 20.3.7.4. 20.3.8. 20.3.8.1. 20.3.8.2. 20.4. 21. 21.1. 21.2. 21.3. 21.3.1. 21.3.2. 21.3.3. 21.3.4. 21.4. 21.5. 21.6. 21.6.1. 21.6.1.1. 21.6.1.2. 21.6.2. 21.6.2.1. 21.6.2.2. 21.6.2.3. 21.6.2.4. 21.6.2.5. 21.6.2.6. 21.6.2.7. 21.6.2.8. 21.6.2.9. 21.6.2.10. 21.6.2.11. 21.6.2.12. 21.6.2.13. 21.6.2.14. 21.6.2.15. 21.6.3. 21.6.3.1. 21.6.3.2. 21.7. 21.8. 22. 22.1. 22.2. 22.2.1. 22.3. 22.3.1. 22.4. 22.4.1. 22.4.2. 22.4.3. 22.4.4. 22.4.5. 22.4.6. 22.4.7. 22.5. 23. 23.1. 23.1.1. 23.2. 23.2.1. 23.2.1.1. 23.2.2. 23.2.2.1. 23.2.2.2. 23.2.2.3. 23.3. 23.4. 23.5. 24. 24.1. 24.2. 24.2.1. 24.2.2. 24.2.3. 24.2.4. 24.2.4.1. 24.2.4.2. 24.2.4.3. 24.2.4.4. 24.2.5. 24.2.5.1. 24.2.5.2. 24.2.5.3. 24.2.5.4. 24.2.6. 24.2.6.1. 24.2.6.2. 24.2.6.3. 24.2.7. 24.2.7.1. 24.2.7.2. 24.2.7.3. 24.3. 24.3.1. Mid-Paleozoic Beginnings of Terrestrial Ecosystems / Initial Taxic Radiation of Insects / Late Paleozoic Expansion of Herbivore Functional Feeding Groups / Ecological and Behavioral Changes from the Mesozoic Lacustrine Revolution / Parasitoid Revolution / Biodiversity Ramifications of the Early Expansion of Angiosperms / Expansion of the Grassland Biome / Short-Term Environmental Change / Permian-Triassic Global Crisis and Reductions in Biodiversity / Cretaceous-Paleogene Global Crisis and Reductions in Biodiversity / Biodiversity Realignments During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum / End-Pleistocene Extinctions and Their Meaning for the Modern World / Current Societal Aspects of Fossil Insect Biodiversity / Human Interests and Biases / Tools for Understanding Evolutionary and Ecological Diversification / Detection of Insect-Borne Diseases in the Fossil Record / Insect Herbivory and Global Warming / Current Biodiversity Crisis / Conclusions / Importance of the Insect Fossil Record for Understanding Insect Diversity / Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira. 24.3.1.1. 24.3.1.2. 24.3.1.3. 24.3.1.4. 24.3.1.5. 24.3.1.6. 24.3.1.7. 24.3.2. 24.3.2.1. 24.3.2.2. 24.3.2.3. 24.3.2.4. 24.4. 24.4.1. 24.4.2. 24.4.3. 24.4.4. 24.4.5. 24.5. 24.5.1. Five Fundamental Types of Diversity in the Insect Fossil Record / Effect of Long-Term Environmental Change on Insect Diversity / Effect of Short-Term Environmental Changes on Insect Diversity / How Fossil Insect Biodiversity Affects Us All / Acknowledgments / References / Phenotypes in Insect Biodiversity Research / Phenotype Data: Past and Present / Phenotype Data: Present and Future / Biological Ontologies / Ontologies in Biodiversity Research / Referencing a Glossary / Generating Logically Consistent Phenotypes / Reasoning Across Phenotype Data / Challenges and Future Directions / Social Challenges to "Standardization" / Ontology Development Barriers / Ontology Implementation Barriers / Phenotype Complexity / Communicating Primarily with Semantic Phenotypes / No Clearinghouse for Phenotype Data / Reasoning Challenges / Acknowledgments / References / Global Change and Insect Biodiversity in Agroecosystems / Global Change / Insect Biodiversity in Agriculture / What Do We Mean By "Biodiversity"? / Effects of Global Change on Biodiversity-What Do We Know? / Crop Pests and Natural Enemies / Distribution / Community Composition / Other Responses to Climate Change / Soil Function and Topsoil Maintenance / Implications of Global Change for Crop Pollination / Evidence for Importance of Biodiversity for Pollination Service to Crops / Expected Effects of Global Change on Pollinator Diversity-Consequences for Society / Island Versus Continent Contrasts / Impacts on Biodiversity of Insects in Island Agroecosystems / Tropical Versus Temperate Issues / Climate Tolerances in Tropical and Temperate Species / Some Concluding Viewpoints / References / Digital Photography and the Democratization of Biodiversity Information / Digital Insect Collection / Digital Images in Interactive Keys / Digital Photography and Taxonomic Revisions / Organization of Digital Insect Collections / Conclusions / References / Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) Diversity Through Time / Morphological Diversity / Behavioral Diversity: Social, Nesting, and Floral Hosts / Geographical Diversity / Evolutionary History and Diversification / Conclusions / References / Insect Biodiversity in Culture and Art / Prehistory / Insects in the Ancient World / Cult of Artemis: A Case Study / Roman Insect Art / Ancient China / Religions of India / Post-Classical Era / Americas / Modern History / Japanese Art / Language and Literature / Insects in Music / Insects in Cinema / Akihabara Culture: Toys, Video Games, and Anime from Modern Japan / Present and Future Trends in Cultural Entomology / Internet Age / References / Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Conrad C. Labandeira -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Istvan Miko / Andrew R. Deans -- Andrew R. Deans / Istvan Miko -- Andrew R. Deans / Istvan Miko -- Andrew R. Deans / Istvan Miko -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Philippa J. Gerard / David R. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Philippa J. Gerard / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Owen O. Olfert -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- Thibaud Decaens / Philippa J. Gerard / Sandra D. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Owen O. Olfert / David R. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- David R. Gillespie / Matthew J.W. Cock / Thibaud Decaens / Owen O. Olfert / Sandra D. Gillespie / Juan J. Jimenez / Philippa J. Gerard -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Stephen A. Marshall -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Sophie Cardinal -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky -- Gene Kritsky / Jessee J. Smith -- Jessee J. Smith / Gene Kritsky. Note continued: 24.5.2. 24.5.3. 24.5.4. 24.5.5. 25. 25.1. 25.2. 25.2.1. 25.2.2. 25.2.2.1. 25.2.2.2. 25.2.2.3. 25.3. 25.3.1. 25.3.2. 25.3.3. 25.3.4. 25.3.5. 25.3.6. 25.3.7. 26. 26.1. 26.2. 26.2.1. 26.3. 26.3.1. 26.3.1.1. 26.3.1.2. 26.3.1.3. 26.3.2. 26.3.3. 26.3.3.1. 26.3.3.2. 26.4. 26.4.1. 26.5. 26.5.1. 26.6. 27. 27.1. 27.2. 27.3. 27.4. 27.5. 28. 28.1. 28.2. 28.3. 28.4. 28.5. 29. 29.1. 29.2. 29.3. 29.4. 29.5. 29.6. 29.7. 29.8. 29.9. 29.10. 29.11. 29.12. 29.13. 29.14. 29.15. 29.16.
This second volume of Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society offers further research and expert commentary on insects & apos complex relationships with human society and our endangered environment. Featuring entirely new contributions from leading researchers and scholars in the field, the text explores and analyses key topics from geographical, socio-cultural, and taxonomic perspectives. Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society, Volume II approaches insect biodiversity regionally, and examines a wide range of areas including the Arctic and Asia, as well as habitats such as crops, caves, and islands. The authors discuss all insect orders not covered in Volume One, and provide scientific and societal analyses that illustrate the positive and negative aspects of each group. Finally, Volume Two also offers considerations of insects & apos shifting roles in human culture, with insights into past insect biodiversity and thoughts on the future from a cyber-taxonomic viewpoint. This comprehensive resource. Offers the most up-to-date information on the important subject of insect biodiversity. Explores vital topics such as the impact on insect biodiversity of habitat loss and degradation and climate change. With Volume One, presents current information on the biodiversity of all insect orders. Contains reviews of insect biodiversity in culture and art, in the fossil record, and in agricultural systems. Robert G. Foottit is a research scientist specializing in the taxonomy of aphids and related groups, with the Canadian National Collection of insects and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. His research interests include the use of morphological and molecular approaches in the study of aphid species and populations. Peter H. Adler is a professor of entomology at Clemson University, where he holds a teaching and research appointment, specializing in the behavior, ecology, genetics, and systematics of insects, particularlv butterflies and medically important flies. --Book Jacket.
9781118945605 1118945603 9781118945582 1118945581
Insects--Variation.
Insects--Evolution.
Insects--Ecology.
Biodiversity conservation.
SCIENCE--Life Sciences--Zoology--General.
Biodiversity conservation.
Insects--Ecology.
Insects--Evolution.
Insects--Variation.
Electronic books.
QL463 / .I65 2018
595.7